Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Animation

ADHD: Symptoms, Criteria for Diagnosis, Causes, Risk factors and Treatments. This video can be downloaded immediately here:
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Voice by Marty Henne
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ADHD is a common mental condition that affects children’s ability of functioning. ADHD, as the name implies, is characterised by hyperactive or impulsive behavior and difficulty paying attention.
There are three types of ADHD:
– Predominantly inattentive – Predominantly hyperactive, impulsive, – and the combined type with a mix of inattentive and hyperactive/impulsive symptoms.
ADHD children are often struggling at school and have trouble with social interaction. They also tend to be stigmatized.
ADHD can be cured in some children, but others may continue to experience symptoms until adulthood.
It is not easy to diagnose ADHD. It is important to distinguish between ADHD and normal developmental behavior. Healthy children may sometimes be hyperactive, inattentive or impulsive. It’s normal for children to have lower attention spans than adults and be more active than their peers. ADHD symptoms must develop before the age 12, and continue for at least six month. They should also impact daily activities at school and at home. ADHD is not the only cause of problems in school, but at home and vice versa.
Patients must have at LEAST SIX symptoms of ADHD to be considered ADHD.
– Making careless errors
by failing to pay attention to details.- You have trouble staying focused on tasks or playing
– Not finishing tasks
Avoid tasks that require mental effort
– Not listening to what is being said
– Having trouble organizing
– Losing things
– Being forgetful
– and being easily distracted
For hyperactivity/impulsivity:
– Fidgeting
– Being in constant motion
– Having trouble staying seated
– Climbing on objects in unsuitable situations
Having trouble with playing or doing things quietly
Talking too loud and using too many
Talking about turn
– They are having difficulty waiting
– Interrupting other people’s activities
The diagnosis is based on the patient’s history and interviews with relatives, parents, and teachers. To rule out any other conditions that might cause similar symptoms, physical exams are done.
ADHD is a condition that has a strong genetic component. If a sibling has ADHD, a child is twice as likely to develop ADHD. This condition causes dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as dopaminergic receptors, and can also be associated with a decrease in frontal lobe dopaminergic receptors.
Environment risk factors include pregnancy-related toxins, infections, nutritional deficiencies, premature births, maternal drug and alcohol abuse, as well as exposure to toxic chemicals.
The treatment can improve symptoms and decrease the likelihood that they will persist into adulthood. There are many treatments available, including medications that can be stimulant or non-stimulant and psychosocial therapies.
About two-thirds of ADHD patients are able to use stimulants. They are the first line treatment.
Amphetamines, methylphenidates, and other stimulants are two examples. They prolong dopamine stimulation by blocking the reuptake. Dopamine is also released directly by amphetamines.
Antidepressants and alpha-agonists are examples of non-stimulants. These are less effective and are often prescribed to patients who are unable to tolerate stimulants.
Side effects can be serious and should be monitored closely. It can take time to find the best medication for each person and the lowest dose.
Psychosocial therapies can include psycho-education for the whole family or psychotherapy for the individual. These therapies can be combined with medication to make them more effective.

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